Interventions of water jet technology on skin surgery

The perfect and precise surgical cut, similar to today\u27s laser one, is very important in many surgeries, especially in dissection and to recanaize arterial occlusive lessions. Causing no coagulation is one of the advantages of water jet because it generates no heat. It also provides omni-directional cutting capabilities at very high speeds, resulting edge quality that is usually superior to other existing conventional cutting processes. Debris is always carried away from incisions by jet stream and less damaged tissue, than mechanical incisions. In addition, water jet exerts minimal contact pressure on the tissue being cut due to the small diameter of jet stream. It decreases the degree of distortion and more precise incisions acquired. A total number of 48 computational nonlinear analyses are carried out using finite element method to find the effects of water jet on skin layers and behavior of skin layers under pressures. The sensitivity analysis was conducted to compare among performance values in terms of width and depth of cut. The results obtained show linear effect that is elastic behavior. The skin material ruptures before going into the plastic region and start to shear at the pressure of 40MPa with the 0.2mm nozzle. The epidermis absorbs most of the stress and is deformed while other layers are also slightly deformed but do not reveal high stress concentration. The exact equations governing the interaction of high velocity water jet and the skin material are complex and detailed