PENGARUH KONSENTRASI POLIMER KAPPA KARAGINAN DAN PENYAMBUNG SILANG KALIUM KLORIDA TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIK, STABILITAS DAN PELEPASAN CIPROFLOXACIN DARI MIKROSFER INHALASI

Ciprofloxacin HCl is a quinolone antibiotic which has broad antimicrobial spectrum and high activity in oral administration to treat various types of infectious diseases. Ciprofloxacin HCl has some limitations such as is absorbed in the body by 70% after oral administration and is metabolized in the liver by 15% then was excreted for about 40-50%. Ciprofloxacin HCl was made as inhalation dosage forms in order to avoid metabolism in the liver, to achieve faster onset and for application, this was need small doses compared to intravenous and oral preparations. This study was aimed to formulate microspheres delivery system using kappa carrageenan polymers, potassium chloride (KCl) crosslinker and Ciprofloxacin HCl active agent in the form of a dry powder inhalation (DPI) model. The ciprofloxacincarrageenan microspheres were made by ionic gelation with aerosolization techniques. Microspheres used carrageenan polymers of 0.5 and 1% and crosslinker of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% which was called F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 and F6 respectively. Microspheres were evaluated as moisture content, morphology, particle size, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, drug release, flow properties and stability test. The results of physical characteristics were spherical in shape, small particles and smooth surface. The particle size for all formulas were less than 2μm. Entrapment efficiency were between 40% and 94%. Drug loading were between 25% to 37%. Drug release results after 14 hours showed that highest release of drug was found for F1 (96.08%) and the lowest was F6 (75.46%). Flow properties resulted of F1 to F4 had good flow properties while those for F5 and F6 were excellent. Stability test after 28 days at 25oC and 40oC showed that microspheres morphology was still spherical with a smooth surface, small particle size and drug loading did not differ significantly during the storage period. These showed the potential of ciprofloxacin HCl-ƙ carragenan microspheres for inhalation delivery system