A VIM-1 positive strain in a near-drowning patient: evidence for interspecies plasmid transfer within the patient.

Aim: To show that a strain of Aeromonas hydrophila became resistant to carbapenems by interspecies transfer of a plasmid using long-read sequencing. Material & methods: Whole genome sequencing of the four isolates was done using Illumina Hiseq, while the plasmid was reconstructed using the MinION sequencer. The resistome was identified with ResFinder. Results: Whole genome sequencing and long-read sequencing showed that all isolates carried a blaVIM-1 gene located on a 165 kb incA/C plasmid. ResFinder confirmed that the resistome of the plasmid, comprising 13 resistance genes, was identical within all isolates. Discussion: Long-read sequencing using the MinION successfully reconstructed a plasmid that was identical in all isolates, providing evidence for horizontal gene transfer of this blaVIM-1 gene carrying plasmid within the patient