Evaluating the effect of using scaffolding techniques to support Java programming on a mobile phone

The ubiquity of mobile phones provides an opportunity to use them as a resource for construction of programs beyond the classroom. However, limitations of mobile phones impede their use as typical programming environments. This research proposed that programming environments on mobile phones could include scaffolding techniques specifically designed for mobile phones, and designed based on learners’ needs. Experiments were conducted with 142 learners from three universities in Kenya and South Africa in order to investigate the effect on learners of using the theoretically-derived scaffolding techniques to construct Java programs on a mobile phone. The results provided empirical evidence that scaffolding techniques specifically designed for mobile phones and designed based on learners’ needs could effectively support the construction of programs on a mobile phone