佛教与民族: 1912-1949年间的汉藏联系

International audienceAfter the fall of the Qing dynasty, China faced a change in leadership, and was known as the Republic of China between 1912 and 1949. During this time, and for several reasons, China experienced the revival of buddhism in general, and a growing interest for Tibetan buddhism in particular. This paper focuses on the exchanges between China and Tibet during that time, thanks to buddhism, and on how and why they take place. Was it because of the will of the monks, the involvement of the governement, the influence of western ideas, or a genuine interest in meeting the “other”? The sangha was the one that carried the interactions between the two countries, which is why we will take a closer look at the part played by Chinese monks and lamas, at the institutions they created to meet, but also at their travels. In the end, this will bring us to ask ourselves about ethnicity. Indeed, traveling in an other country, the sangha had to adapt to a culture, or even adopt cultural features to fit in. Did those exchanges then had any impact on their ethnic identity, or on the way religion is apprehended in Tibet or in China? This paper attempts to address these issues by confronting five texts, each dealing with the life and actions of a different character, either from Chinese or Tibetan origin