Since the beginning of microelectronics, the industry has continuously developed new plasma etching technologies to reduce the size of devices while reducing the cost of manufacturing and increase the performance of integrated circuits. Today, transistors such as 22nm FDSOI or 10nm FinFET must be engraved with sub-nanometric precision and without damaging the underlayment on more than one atomic layer. To achieve this, new technologies are developing, including the Smart Etch. This two-step technology involves modifying the surface of the material under the action of a plasma and then removing selectively the modified material from the unmodified material. The aim of this thesis is to study the feasibility of replacing the He and H2 plasmas...