Zearalenone Mycotoxin Content in Food and Feed in Slovenia between 2010 and 2016

V magistrskem delu smo obravnavali prisotnost mikotoksinov v živilih in krmi med leti 2010 in 2016 v Sloveniji. Podatke smo pridobili od Uprave Republike Slovenije za varno hrano, veterinarstvo in varstvo rastlin. Zanimal nas je predvsem delež neskladnih in onesnaženih vzorcev živil in krme glede na Uredbo komisije (ES) št. 1881/2006 z dne 19. decembra 2006 o določitvi mejnih vrednosti nekaterih onesnaževal v živilih in Priporočilo komisije z dne 17. avgusta 2006, o prisotnosti deoksinivalenola, zearalenona, ohratoksina A, toksinov T-2 in HT – 2 ter fumonizinov v proizvodih, namenjenih za krmo. Prav tako smo preverili vzorce glede na izvor in način pridelave pri živilih. Pri živilih smo izmed skupnega števila 594 vzorcev imeli 6,2 % onesnaženih vzorcev, vendar le 1,5 % neskladnih vzorcev, ki so presegli predpisane vrednosti v Uredbi komisije. Pri krmi je bilo od skupnih 251 vzorcev 27,6 % vzorcev onesnaženih, 3,6 % pa neskladnih. Izmed vseh vzorcev lahko povzamemo, da sta najbolj dovzetni rastlini za razvoj mikotoksina zearalenona koruza in pšenica in posledično njuni proizvodi. Največ neskladnih vzorcev tako pri krmi kot pri živilih smo zaznali v letu 2015, kar lahko pripišemo ugodnemu vremenu za razvoj gliv.In this master thesis, mycotoxin content in food and feed in Slovenia between 2010 and 2016 was studied. The data were obtained from the Administration of the Republic of Slovenia for Food Safety, Veterinary Sector and Plant Protection. The main focus was on percentage of non-compliant and contaminated samples of food and feed according to Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs and Commission Recommendation of 17 August 2006 on the presence of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, T-2 and HT-2 and fumonisins in products intended for animal feeding. The origin of samples and methods of food production was also examined. In 594 samples of food, 6,2 % were contaminated and only 1,5 % were non-compliant, exceeding values set in the Commission Regulation. In 251 samples of feed, 27,6 % were contaminated and 3,6 % were non-compliant. To summarize, samples have shown that the two most susceptible plants to develop mycotoxin zearalenone are maize and wheat and consequently their products. The highest number of non-compliant samples in both feed and food was detected in year 2015, which can be related to favourable weather conditions for fungal growth