Introduction of mulberry (Morus alba L.) tissue cultures for the in vitro conservation of old local genotypes

Bela murva (Morus alba L.) že stoletja predstavlja značilno drevo nekdajšnjih Evropskih svilogojskih regij, kjer so liste bele murve uporabljali za krmo sviloprejkam. V začetku 20. stoletja, se je kljub večletni tradiciji pridelovanje svile in svilogojstva na Slovenskem, nasade murv začelo opuščati, gojenje sviloprejk kot oblika naravnega pridelovanje tekstila pa je z začetki globalizacije nadomestilo uvajanje umetnih tekstilnih vlaken. Za ohranjanje kolekcije murv in izbranih superiornih genotipov je potrebno in vitro ohranjanje teh edinstvenih genotipov. Z metodami razmnoževanja nodalnih izsečkov poganjkov in vzpostavitev kalusnih kultur, smo preizkušali vpliv različnih pH vrednosti in razmerja rastnih regulatorjev na rast kulture. V diplomski nalogi, smo uspešno vzpostavili protokol za rast in razrast izsečkov bele murve, z uporabo MS gojišča in rastnih regulatorjev indolmaslene kisline (IBA) in benziladenin (BAP) v razmerju 1:1 (2 g/L:2 g/L). V drugem sklopu poskusa smo uspešno indukcijo kalusa izzvali ob uporabi MS gojišča v pH območju 5.8 in 6.0. Za ohranjanje vitalnosti kalusa smo gojišču dodali aktivno oglje in rastne regulatorje IBA ter BAP v razmerju 1:1 (2 g/L:2 g/L). Vzpostavljeni protokoli tkivnih kultur murve so ključni za bodoče razmnoževanje materiala, ki ga bomo pridobili na terenu, predvsem v času, ko druge oblike tehnike razmnoževanja niso mogoče.Throughout centuries, the white mulberry (Morus alba L.) represents a typical tree used in sericultural regions across Europe, where its leaves were used to feed silkworms. Despite many years of tradition, mulberry trees and silk production in Slovenia began to decline in the early 20th century. At the beginning of globalization, silkworm rearing as a form of natural textile production was replaced by the artificial textile fibres. In vitro preservation of superior and unique genotypes of this tree is needed to maintain collections of mulberries. The methods of propagation of nodal explant’s shoots and establishment of callus cultures were used to test the influence of different pH values and ratios of growth regulators on the culture growth. In the thesis we successfully established a protocol for growth and propagation of white mulberry explants using MS media, indole butyric acid (IBA) and benzyladenine (BAP) in a 1:1 ratio (2g/L:2g/L) In the second part of our experiment callus induction was successfully elicited from leaf explants by using MS medium within the pH range of 5.8 and 6.0. In order to maintain the vitality of callus, activated characoal and 1:1 hormone ratio of auxin IBA and cytokinin BAP (2g/L) were added. The established protocols are of vital importance for the future propagation of the material that will be collected outside, particularly in a time when other forms of propagation are not possible