The Role of Religion in the Set of Social Factors of the Terrorist Attack in France

V zadnjih nekaj desetletjih je predvsem v Zahodnem svetu prišlo do izrazitega porasta terorističnih napadov, ki jih lahko neposredno povežemo z gibanjem radikalnega islamizma. Namen pričujočega magistrskega dela je bil izdelati celovito sociološko analizo družbenih vzrokov versko motiviranih terorističnih napadov v zahodnih državah enaindvajsetega stoletja, pri čemer smo se posebej osredotočili na vlogo religije in na teroristične napade v Franciji. Na osnovi obsežnega pregleda teoretičnih in empiričnih znanstvenih prispevkov smo ugotovili, da značilnosti islama kot religije predstavljajo le enega izmed številnih dejavnikov, ki so ključni za razumevanje radikalnega islamizma in njegovega odnosa do Zahoda oziroma za razumevanje družbenih ozadij terorističnih napadov. Enega takih ključnih dejavnikov predstavlja zgodovina konfliktov med Zahodom in muslimanskim svetom. Pomembno vlogo igrajo tudi nekatere značilnosti neoliberalega kapitalizma, ki so prispevale k neugodnemu položaju muslimanskih priseljencev v Franciji in v nekaterih drugih zahodnih državah. Med značilnostmi modernih družb se za razlago radikalnega islamizma kot pomembna izkaže tudi sorazmerno visoka pogostost psihosocialnih problemov posameznikov v smislu odtujenosti ter težav pri ustvarjanju in ohranjanju življenjskega smisla. Ideologija radikalnega islamizma lahko v takšnem svetu posamezniku, še posebej če je ta družbeno marginaliziran in ima pogoste stike z islamom, nudi alternativni življenjski okvir. Ta okvir praviloma ponuja bogato zalogo življenjskega smisla in tudi sicer bistveno bolj ugodno psihosocialno okolje v primerjavi z okoljem, ki ga zagotavlja vztrajanje v položaju marginaliziranega in/ali odtujenega pripadnika moderne družbe.The western world in particular has seen a significant increase in terrorist attacks which can be directly linked to radical Islamic movements in the last couple of decades. The purpose of the graduation thesis is to make a comprehensive sociological analysis of social factors of religiously motivated terrorist attacks in western countries in the 21st century with special focus on the role of religion on terrorist attacks in France. An extensive review of theoretical and empirical scientific articles has demonstrated that the characteristics of Islam as a religion pose only one of many factors key to understanding radical Islamism and its attitude towards the west or for understanding social factors of terrorist attacks. One of these key factors is the history of conflicts between the west and the Muslim world. Some characteristics of neoliberal capitalism also play an important role, these contributed to an awkward position of Muslim immigrants in France and some other western countries. Among characteristics of modern societies important for explaining radical Islamism there is also a relatively high frequency of psychosocial problems of individuals in the sense of alienation and problems with creating and maintaining purpose in life. The ideology of radical Islamism can offer an alternative life frame to individuals in such a world especially if they are marginalised and have frequent contact with Islam. This frame normally offers a rich supply of life purpose and also a significantly more favourable psychosocial environment in comparison with the environment offered to individuals remaining in the position of marginalised and/or alienated members of modern society