Knowledge and use of modern guidelines for administering intramuscular injection

Teoretična izhodišča: Intramuskularna injekcija je paranteralni, preventivni ali kurativni način aplikacije zdravila v mišično tkivo in predstavlja najpogosteje izvajano intervencijo v dnevni rutini medicinskih sester. Številne raziskave kažejo, da se aplikacija intramuskularne injekcije ne izvaja vedno v skladu s priporočili, ki so osnovana na raziskovalnih dokazih, zato je bil namen raziskati poznavanje, veščine in izkušnje medicinskih sester, zaposlenih na primarnem nivoju zdravstvenega varstva, o aplikaciji intramuskularne injekcije. Raziskovalna metodologija: Izvedli smo presečno opazovalno raziskavo. V raziskavo smo vključili 116 medicinskih sester, zaposlenih na primarnem nivoju zdravstvenega varstva. Podatke smo zbrali z anketnim vprašalnikom, rezultate pa s pomočjo programov za statistično analizo Microsoft Office Excel 2016 in IBM SPSS Statistics 24 z uporabo deskriptivnih statističnih metod. Rezultati: Raziskava je pokazala, da se medicinske sestre (87 %) najpogosteje odločijo za uporabo dorzoglutealne strani pri aplikaciji intramuskularne injekcije, medtem ko ventroglutealna stran večini (75,9 %) anketirancev ostaja nepoznana. Medicinske sestre se izogibajo ventroglutealni strani zaradi pomanjkljivega znanja (19,6 %), strahu pred poškodovanjem pacienta (8,5 %), nepoznavanja ventroglutealne strani (29 %) in lokalizacije vbodnega mesta (10,3 %). Diskusija in zaključek: Raziskava je pokazala, da so izkušnje in znanje medicinskih sester o aplikaciji intramuskularne injekcije v ventroglutealni predel omejeni. Medicinske sestre še vedno izvajajo aplikacijo intramuskularne injekcije po tradicionalnih metodah dela, saj o novejših rezultatih raziskav niso obveščene. Pomanjkljivo znanje poznavanja sodobnih smernic s področja intramuskularne injekcije predstavlja priložnost za dodatne raziskave. Medicinske sestre je treba izobraziti, usposobiti in spodbuditi k aplikaciji intramuskularne injekcije v ventroglutealno stran ter uporabi na dokazih utemeljene zdravstvene nege.Theoretical background: Intramuscular injection is the paranteral, preventive or curative route of drug administration into the muscle tissue and represents the most commonly performed intervention in nursing daily routine. Numerous studies show that intramuscular injection is not always performed in accordance with recommendations based on research evidence. The purpose was to investigate the knowledge, skills and experience of staff nurses about intramuscular injection in the primary level of health care. Research methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study. The study included 116 nurses, employed in the primary level of healthcare. Data were collected using a questionnaire and the results were analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS Statistics and descriptive statistics. Results: Results showed that the majority of the nurses (87%) are more likely to use the dorsogluteal site for intramuscular injections, while the ventrogluteal site remains unknown to most (75.9 %) of the respondents. Nurses avoid the ventrogluteal site due to the lack of knowledge (19.6 %), fear of injuring the patient (8.5 %), unfamiliarity with the ventrogluteal site (29 %) or ignorance of the injection site (10.3 %). Discussion and conclusion: The study has found that nurses\u27 experience and knowledge of the administration of intramuscular injection into the ventrogluteal region is limited. Nurses are still administering the intramuscular injection application according to traditional methods of work, as no recent research findings have been reported. A lack of knowledge on modern guidelines in the field of intramuscular injection is the opportunity for additional research. Nurses should be educated, trained and encouraged to use the appropriate ventrogluteal site and evidence based practice