Surrogacy

Napredek v tehnološkem razvoju je pripomogel tudi k razvoju novih, sodobnih reproduktivnih tehnik in s tem omogočil uporabo nadomestnega materinstva. Nadomestno materinstvo je ena izmed možnosti, za katero se odločijo tako heteroseksualni, kot homoseksualni pari, ki si želijo ustvariti življenje z otroki. Nadomestno materinstvo je praviloma posledica postopka oploditve z biomedicinsko pomočjo,kjer pride do nosečnosti nadomestne matere na ne tradicionalen način, torej na drugačen način kot s spolnim odnosom. Ženska oziroma nadomestna mati v večini primerov za denar ali za neko korist zanosi in rodi otroka v dogovoru s tretjo osebo, ki potem tega otroka posvoji. Večina teh nadomestnih mater je iz nižjega kastnega sistema, kjer jih družine prisilijo v tovrstno dejanje, da se lahko preživijo. Maternice teh žensk so uporabljene kot tovarne za najem. In s tem se kaže izkoriščanje žensk v socialnih stiskah za nadomestno materinstvo, otroka pa ponižuje na raven stvari, s katero je dopustno trgovati. Trgovanje z otroki je kvalificirana oblika trgovanja z ljudmi, s katerim se ukvarjajo številne kriminalne združbe, katerim je cilj dodaten zaslužek. Z denarjem lahko kupiš marsikaj, pri nadomestnem materinstvu pa se z odkupom otroka, otrok odtuji od prsi matere in tu se postavlja vprašanje, ali ima človeško življenje ceno in ali je tako dejanje etično in moralno sprejemljivo, saj, ni v skladu s človekovimi pravicami in dostojanstvom žensk. Po svetu je na tisoče sirot, ki nimajo družine, zato ne bi smelo biti nobene potrebe po takih potencialno suženjskih oblikah poti do otroka, samo zato, da starši dobijo v roke svoj genski material. Kdor iskreno čuti notranjo potrebo po tem, da bi skrbel za otroka in ga imel rad, jo lahko odlično in v celoti poteši tudi s tujim otrokom.The rapid development of new technologies, especially the speed and capacity of gene technology, has greatly influenced the development of medicine in recent decades. New techniques nowadays present a range of dilemmas, both ethical and legal. Among these techniques, surrogacy is currently the most exposed, as it has recently become a much sought alternative for couples who cannot have biological children. So surrogacy has allowed reproduction not only for heterosexual but also for homosexual couples (Lahl, 2017). The market of surrogacy has begun to develop around the traditional surrogacy In this case, the female surrogate mothers are fertilized by the intended sperm cell of the father and, with the help of their own eggs, they bear and give birth to the baby. Later, however, the market of gestational surrogacy began to develop, in which surrogacyoccurs through a fertilization procedure with biomedical help. In this procedure, the eggs and sperm are joined in vitro, which means in the laboratory, outside the human body, and then the embryo is inserted into the uterus of the surrogate mother. Gestational surrogacy happens in an artificial way, whereas the traditional surrogacy happens naturally - through sexual intercourse (Goodwin, 2010). The surrogate mother is a woman who, in the commercial form of surrogacy, receives payment to give up parental rights and the child she has born and given birth to, and hands it over to the intended parents. In some countries this is legal. The surrogate mothers are paid for their time and suffering by the surrogate agencies, just as workers are paid in the factories. The only difference is that in this case their wombs are the factories. Most of these surrogate mothers belong to the lower caste system, where families force them into this act so that they can survive. And this shows the exploitation of women in social distress for surrogate motherhood, and degrades the child to the level of things that can be trafficked (Overall, 2015)