Risk-constrained offering strategies for a price-maker demand response aggregator

© 2017 IEEE. Offering strategy of a price-maker demand response aggregator (DRA) in a two-settlement market is presented in this paper. The aggregator minimizes its cost by offering energy and price bids in the day-ahead market and energy bids in the balancing market. On the other hand, DRA optimally manages the aggregated demands of a large number of electric vehicles and properly distributes them through the time. The problem is formulated as a stochastic mixed-integer nonlinear optimization problem. The risk of the problem is managed by conditional value-at-risk measure and finally, the proposed approach is numerically evaluated through a detailed case study