Fast perfusion measurements in rat skeletal muscle at rest and during exercise with single‐voxel FAIR (flow‐sensitive alternating inversion recovery)

Non‐invasive measurement of perfusion in skeletal muscle by in vivo magnetic resonance remains a challenge due to its low level and the correspondingly low signal‐to‐noise ratio. To enable accurate, quantitative, and time‐resolved perfusion measurements in the leg muscle, a technique with a high sensitivity is required. By combining a flow‐sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR)‐sequence with a single‐voxel readout, we have developed a new technique to measure the perfusion in the rat gastrocnemius muscle at rest, yielding an average value of 19.4 ± 4.8 mL/100 g/min (n = 22). In additional experiments, perfusion changes were elicited by acute ischemia and reperfusion or by exercise induced by electrical, noninvasive muscle stimulation with varying duration and intensity. The perfusion time courses during these manipulations were measured with a temporal resolution of 2.2 min, showing increases in perfusion of a factor of up to 2.5. In a direct comparison, the results agreed closely with values found with microsphere measurements in the same animals. The quantitative and noninvasive method can significantly facilitate the investigation of atherosclerotic diseases and the examination of drug efficacy