On the configuration of roughness elements in the urban areas

It is important to know the configuration of the surface roughness, because the wind characteristics in the atmospheric boundary layer near the ground are mainly affected by the surface roughness. Configurations of houses and buildings in real urban cities were obtained from maps and aerial photographs. The relation of the number, the scale and the volume of houses and buildings against the number of stories were evaluated from these data. Using these results, various parameters of roughness configurations against the roughness volume density are examined for real urban areas