EFISIENSI SERAPAN HARA BEBERAPA JENIS PUPUK PADA BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT

Fertilizer efficiency is a ratio between the amount of nutrient that absorbed by the plant and the amount of nutrient that applied through fertilizer. The efficiency of a fertilizer can be defined as the number of nutrients that can be absorbed by the plan. The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of three types of fertilizers on the oil palm seedling. This research was conducted on Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute at Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Four treatments with three replications were arranged by a completely randomized design. The treatments are: 1) P0 = control/no fertilizer; 2) P1 = Briquette compound fertilizer, 3) P2 = Granular compound fertilizer, and 4) P3 = single-nutrient fertilizer; Urea, TSP, MoP, and Kieserite. The results showed that (I) nutrients uptake (NU) of N, P, K, and Mg on briquette compound fertilizer relatively higher about 11%; 21%; 9%; and 23% compare to granular compound fertilizer and 5%; 1%; 1% and 19% higher than P3 respectively; (ii) recovery efficiency (RE) of N, P, K, and Mg on briquette compound fertilizer were 18%; 42%; 16%; and 20% higher than granular compound fertilizer and 8%; 1%; 2%; and 19% than single-nutrient fertilizer; while (iii) agronomic efficiency (AE) of N, P, K, and Mg on Briquette compound fertilizer were higher about 26% (for each nutrient) compare to Granular compound fertilizer and 18% higher (for each nutrient) than  single-nutrient fertilizer.Efisiensi pupuk merupakan rasio antara jumlah hara yang diserap tanaman dengan jumlah hara yang diaplikasikan lewat pupuk. Efisiensi pupuk yang tinggi digambarkan dengan semakin banyaknya hara yang dapat diserap tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efisiensi beberapa jenis pupuk terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilakukan di Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Medan, Sumatra Utara. Sebanyak empat perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap. Perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah: 1) P0 = Kontrol/tanpa pupuk; 2) P1 = Pupuk majemuk Briket, 3) P2 = Pupuk majemuk granular, dan 4) P3 = Pupuk tunggal lengkap yang terdiri dari Urea, TSP, MoP, dan Kieserit. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa (i) serapan hara (nutrient uptake) N, P, K dan Mg pada perlakuan pupuk majemuk briket lebih tinggi sekitar 11%; 21%; 9%; dan 23% dibanding perlakuan pupuk majemuk granular dan 5%; 1%; 1% dan 19% lebih tinggi dibanding perlakuan P3; (ii) efisiensi serapan hara (recovery efficiency) N, P, K dan Mg perlakuan pupuk majemuk briket lebih tinggi sekitar 18%; 42%; 16%; dan 20% dibanding perlakuan pupuk majemuk granule dan lebih tinggi sekitar 8%; 1%; 2%; dan 19% dibanding perlakuan pupuk tunggal; dan (iii) efisiensi agronomis (agronomic efficiency) N, P, K dan Mg pada perlakuan pupuk majemuk briket lebih tinggi sekitar 26% dan 18% dibanding nilai efisiensi agronomis hara N, P, K, dan Mg pada perlakuan pupuk majemuk granular dan pupuk tunggal lengkap