Los verbos realizativos, la situación comunicativa y los actos declarativos de Searle

In this paper, the notion of performative utterance is revisited in order to show that the possibility that a certain ilocutionary verb can be used performatively depends on the communicative context in which the utterance is produced. In this sense, it is shown that colloquial conversations, for example, are a more restrictive context regarding the use of performative verbs than written, more formal exchanges. To account for these data, the concept of “constitutive rule” that explains ilocutionary acts in Searle’s theory is used, and it is argued that the type of speech acts named “declarations” in Searle’s taxonomy should not be considered a type of ilocutionary acts comparable to the other four types in this classification.En este trabajo he mostrado que la posibilidad de que un verbo ilocutivo sea usado con valor realizativo depende en buena medida de la situación comunicativa en la que se emite el enunciado. Esta constatación me ha llevado a reexaminar la clasificación de actos de habla propuesta por Searle.Dans cet article j’ai constaté que la possibilité d’employer un verbe illocutif avec une valeur performative dépend largement de la situation communicative dans laquelle l’énoncé a été proféré. Cette constatation m’a conduit à réexaminer la taxonomie searlienne des actes de langage