三重県における地域別食生活実態の公衆栄養学的考察 : 第17報 昭和60年,三重県阿山郡大山田村東小学校学童の家庭における栄養摂取状態(自然科学編)

三重県における学童の健康をめぐる食生活の今日的な課題とその栄養指導対策を得る目的で,昭和53年より平坦部市街化地域の鈴鹿市庄野小学校および山間部の阿山郡大山田村東小学校を対象として,毎年継続実施してきたが,今回は後者の本県において循環器疾患およびガン死亡率が高い地域であり,かつ,上野保健所管内のうちでも,さらに高率村である阿山郡大山田村東小学校学童のみを対象としてその家庭食事(朝食・夕食および間食)の栄養摂取状態について調査を行なった。(1)栄養素別摂取量の各栄養素別標準量に対する有意差を検討した結果は,男子においては,総たん白質および動物性たん白質の摂取量が99%の信頼度で標準量を上回っていた。女子においては,動物性たん白質の摂取量が99%の信頼度で標準量を上回っていたが,植物性たん白質の摂取量のみは99%の信頼度で標準量を下回っていた。カルシウムについては女子のみが95%の信頼度で標準量を下回っていた。ビタミンについてはビタミンB_2が女子のみ99%の信頼度で標準量を下回っていた。(2)栄養摂取量の標準量に対する充足率について男子と女子との間の有意差をうると,エネルギー,総たん白質,動物性たん白質およびビタミンB_1の各栄養素に有意差がみられとくにビタミンB_1において,女子は男子のそれよりも摂取不足が著しいことが注目された。なお,カルシウム,ビタミンB_2および繊維は男子・女子ともに摂取不足がみられた。(3)性別,各栄養素別摂取量に対する未満児を個人別にみた場合は,前述のごとく充足していた栄養素においても個人差が大きく,その摂取量の未満児が,かなり認められた。(4)PFC比の平均値については,男子・女子とも適正な範囲と見なされ,かつ,男子と女子との間には有意差はみられなかった。(5)殻物エネルギー比と動物性たん白質比との相関関係は男子・女子ともに99%の信頼度で認められた。動物性たん白質比と植物性脂肪/動物性脂肪との間の相関関係は男子において95%の信頼度で認められたが,女子においてはその相関関係は認められなかった。(6)植物性脂肪/動物性脂肪については,男子0.80,女子0.98であり,やや不適正な値を示したが,本調査では一価不飽和脂肪酸含量の多い魚油を考慮した場合は適正な値であった。魚油を含むその植物性脂肪/動物性脂肪についてもその変動係数は大きく,1.0以下の者が男子43.8%,女子30.0%の存在は否定しえず,脂肪の質についての特別な指導が必要と考えられる。(7)食塩摂取過剰と粗繊維の摂取不足傾向がみられた。(8)孤食学童・家族全員食別学童の栄養摂取量において,孤食学童にビタミンAの不足が95%信頼度で認められた。ついで,カルシウムおよびビタミンB_2においても摂取不足の傾向は認められた。Studies have been conducted continuously each year since 1978 at the Shono Elementary School in Suzuka city and the Higashi Elementary School in Ohyamada-mura, Ayama-gun, for the purposes of determining the elements of present-day diets as they relate to the health of students and to determine nutritional guidelines. The present study, however, focussed only on the students at Higashi Elementary School in Ayama-gun, which is located in a region which has a high incidence of cardiovascular disease and a high cancer-related death rate, even throughout the jurisdiction of the Ueno Health Center, and encompassed the conditions of nutrient intake of at-home diets (breakfast, dinner and between meal snacks). 1) The results of investigations into significant differences in the consumed and standard amounts of each nutrient showed, with 99% reliability, that the consumption of total and animal proteins by boys exceeded the standard levels. While the consumption of animal proteins for girls was shown with 99% reliability to be above standard levels, the consumption of vegetable proteins was below standard levels. The intake of calcium was shown, with 95% reliability, to be below the standard level only for girls, while consumption of vitamin B_2 was also shown to be below the standard level only for girls. 2) In examining differences between boys and girls in meeting standard levels of consumed nutrients, significant differences were found in the consumption of each of the energy用roducing nutrients such as total proteins, animal proteins and vitamin B_1. An inadequacy of vitamin B_1 consumption in particular, was much worse for girls than for boys. Insufficient intake of calcium and vitamin B_2 were also observed. 3) In examining individual differences of sex and amounts of each consumed nutrient for pupils who had below standard levels consumption, it was observed that great individual differences occured even in nutrients with adequate consumption levels. 4) The mean value in the PFC ratio for boys and girls fell withim the appropriate region, and no significant differences were abserved between them. 5) A correlation between the ratio of energy from cereals and the ratio of animal proteins was observed in both and girls with 99% reliability. While a correlation between the animal protein ratio and vegetable fats/animal fats was observed with 95% reliability for boys, no such correlation was observed for girls. 6) In regard to the ratio of vegetable and animal fats, values of 0.80 for boys and 0.98 for girls were determined and while these are somewhat inappropriate values, they are appropriate for this study when considered in light of the many mono・unsaturated fatty acids found in fish oils. The coefficient of variation is large for the vegetable fat/animal fat ratio which includes fish oils. The existence of pupils for whom this coefficient was less than 1.0 is undeniable at 43.8% of the boys and 30.0% of the girls. It is beliened that particular guidance is required concerning fatty substances in the diet. 7) A tendency for excessive salt intake and inadequate intake of rough fiver were observed. 8) In differentiating nutrient intake between students who ate alone and those who ate with their families, an insufficiency of vitamin A intake was observed, with 95% reliability, for students who ate alone. A tendency was also noticed towards inadequate calcium and vitamin B_2 intake