Immunnogenic aspects of stem cell therapy in regenerative medicine

Using stem cells to regenerate and repair damaged tissue has been a focus of the scientific communities and medical professionals for the last couple of decades. Translational studies in regenerative medicine research are intended to facilitate the transfer of the basic science knowledge of stem cell biology into potential therapeutic options. Stem cells have a promising potential for application in repair or regeneration of organs and tissues. However, the survival rate of the transplanted stem cells has not been optimal and varies depending on the delivery methods and type of cells. One of the mechanisms of the failed transplantations is the host’s immune reaction against the delivered stem cells. In this review, we will discuss the available data in the literature on sources of stem cells, the immunogenicity of different types of stem cells and their progeny lineages, and the potential strategies to improve the survival and the efficacy of the stem cells transplantation in regenerative medicine