アメリカ都市社会学小史 (1) : 人間生態学の展開を中心として

Urban Sociology of America has been among the most important fields of study as the champion of \u27American Science\u27. However, it does not always merit the name \u27Science\u27. It is said that Urban Sociology is facing a deep crisis today. For example, D. Martindale states, \u27American theory of the city is in crisis\u27, \u27One may find anything or everything in the city texts except the informing principle that creates the city itself. One is reminded of Pirandello\u27s piece Six Characters in Search of An Author. Everything is present except the one precise essential that gives life to the whole. When all is said and done the question remains, What is the city?\u27 In addition, for M. Castells, it essentially sets aside the original question of the scientific status as irrelevant. Indeed it is very difficult for us to answer the question, \u27What is Urban Sociology?\u27, or \u27Is there an Urban Sociology?\u27, but it is important inevitably in order to reorganize Urban Sociology theoretically. This paper will be chiefly devoted to clarifying and discussing the main arguments advanced in the history of American Urban Sociology. Therefore various, critical comments will be applied here. They are not \u27metaphysical\u27 ones, if they may be so termed, but \u27dialectic\u27 ones. No doubt they are based on historical facts that Urban Sociology was produced in response to some demand of urbanized societies. Eventually, we cannot found a \u27Science\u27 in the theoretical space occupied by Urban Sociology without pursuing a critical process of verification. The contents of this paper are as follows : Chap. 1. (1) Human Ecology & Sociology, (2) Perspective of Classical Ecology, (3) Cultural Ecology & Neo-classical Ecology, (4) Questions in Human Ecology, Chap. 2. (1) Urban Sociology & Urbanism, (2) What is Urbanism?, (3) Questions in Urbanism and summary or Chap. 3.Urban Sociology of America has been among the most important fields of study as the champion of \u27American Science\u27. However, it does not always merit the name \u27Science\u27. It is said that Urban Sociology is facing a deep crisis today. For example, D. Martindale states, \u27American theory of the city is in crisis\u27, \u27One may find anything or everything in the city texts except the informing principle that creates the city itself. One is reminded of Pirandello\u27s piece Six Characters in Search of An Author. Everything is present except the one precise essential that gives life to the whole. When all is said and done the question remains, What is the city?\u27 In addition, for M. Castells, it essentially sets aside the original question of the scientific status as irrelevant. Indeed it is very difficult for us to answer the question, \u27What is Urban Sociology?\u27, or \u27Is there an Urban Sociology?\u27, but it is important inevitably in order to reorganize Urban Sociology theoretically. This paper will be chiefly devoted to clarifying and discussing the main arguments advanced in the history of American Urban Sociology. Therefore various, critical comments will be applied here. They are not \u27metaphysical\u27 ones, if they may be so termed, but \u27dialectic\u27 ones. No doubt they are based on historical facts that Urban Sociology was produced in response to some demand of urbanized societies. Eventually, we cannot found a \u27Science\u27 in the theoretical space occupied by Urban Sociology without pursuing a critical process of verification. The contents of this paper are as follows : Chap. 1. (1) Human Ecology & Sociology, (2) Perspective of Classical Ecology, (3) Cultural Ecology & Neo-classical Ecology, (4) Questions in Human Ecology, Chap. 2. (1) Urban Sociology & Urbanism, (2) What is Urbanism?, (3) Questions in Urbanism and summary or Chap. 3