Phonological and articulation disorders among children with communication disorders in Jordan

This study aimed at identifying the phonological and articulation disorders among typically developing children and children with communication disorder in Jordan in terms of the nature of the disorder in spoken Arabic phonetic according to their age-groups. The study sample consisted of 200 children (100 typically developing children and 100 children with communication disorder) who were chosen randomly from six governorates in Jordan. Data were collected using Phonological Test, Spontaneous Speech Sample, and Picture\u27s Expressive Sample. Using descriptive data analysis, results have showed that there are qualitative and quantitative differences in the nature of the phonological and articulation disorders in both groups where the phonological and articulation disorders were more frequent among children with communication disorders than their typically developing peers. The highest frequency of verbal problems of children with communication disorders was the substitution , while the lowest one was the lack of homogeneity in speech . Furthermore, children with communication disorders showed the highest mean of phonetic disorders in the sounds (r, th, s, t, th) ranging from (0.49- 0.57) while the range of phonetic disorders in the sounds (j, sh, q, s, z) was (0. 65-0.79) and sounds that phonetic disorders did not appear very clearly in it were (d, n, a, k, y, f, h, l, t). The phonological disorders that appeared among typically developing children, however, are in line the typical phonological development rate of the Arabic sounds in general. In addition, results showed that the rate of the phonological disorders among children with communication disorders took a downward trend where it decreases with age