The Europeanization of Programs and Manifestos of Bulgarian and Romanian Political Parties

The article provides an analysis of the European Union’s influence on party manifestos of the main political parties in the two newest members of the EU, Bulgaria and Romania. The main goal of the paper is to demonstrate how the EU has influenced the ideology and programmatic schemes of political parties in Romania and Bulgaria. Two dimensions of party manifesto Europeanization are included: a quantitative analysis of the frequency of occurrence of “European” issues and a qualitative assessment of the contents of the parts devoted to the EU within the analyzed programs