Le aree ferroviarie dismesse di Milano e Firenze

The relationship between railways network development and urban sprawl has always been very close. A relationship of synergy and complementarity, which sometimes becomes a difficult cohabitation, between the “city “ and the “railroad” is established: the presence of the service and infrastructure networks can represent a weakness for achieving a balanced development, or even a factor of risk and of environmental pollution. In Italy, in the last decades, the modernization of infrastructures and the reorganization of the railway network led to the abandonment of many areas. This has made possible the setting up of programs aimed at achieving the conversion of the former railway areas to new land uses. Interventions regarding the railway areas may have a double origin: projects inspired by the opportunity to upgrade or to build up a new station that also involve the surrounding areas or programs that cover wide abandoned or being abandoned areas occupied by bundles of tracks, stores and warehouses, etc.. The disused railway areas have characteristics that would allow their reuse within a comprehensive plan based on the possibility of working at the same time on the transport system and on the land use planning. The redevelopment of these areas could be the testing ground of transformation projects involving also the radical re-design of public transport networks. The paper, starting from these assumptions, is focused on the programs developed for the disused railway areas in Milan and Florence. In Milan, many transformation projects start from the abandonment of the railway areas. Here earlier than in other Italian cities, programs aimed at working simultaneously on the reorganization of the transport system and on large real estate development initiatives have been implemented. In 2005, the Municipality of Milan and the Ferrovie dello Stato Group SpA (the Italian Infrastructure Manager) signed a Framework Agreement referred to stations and areas no longer useful for the railway service, located in different districts of the city and covering a total area of about 1.300.000 square meters. The stated objective of the agreements was to organize the urban development of the disused railway areas with the enhancing of the public transportation rail in Milan. Even in the case of the city of Florence, disused railway areas have long been the subject of agreements among local authorities and the Ferrovie dello Stato group. The incoming of the high-speed train in the urban area has been the opportunity to redefine the rail system mobility not only of the entire city but also of its metropolitan area. Within this comprehensive project, in the 2008 a Memorandum of Intent has been signed by the Municipality, the Region, the Province and the Ferrovie dello Stato group, referred to the railway areas, covering a total surface of about 267.000 square meters, mainly located in the center of the city.La relazione tra sviluppo della rete del trasporto su ferro ed espansione della città è da sempre molto stretta. Tra “città” e “ferrovia” si instaura un rapporto di sinergia e  complementarietà, che talvolta si trasforma in una difficile convivenza. In Italia, negli ultimi decenni, l’ammodernamento delle infrastrutture ed il riassetto della rete ferroviaria ha portato alla dismissione di numerosi scali. Ciò ha reso possibile la messa a punto di programmi che prevedono una loro riconversione a nuovi usi. Gli interventi che riguardano le aree ferroviarie possono avere una duplice origine: progetti che prendendo spunto dalla opportunità di ammodernamento o realizzazione di una nuova stazione coinvolgono anche le aree limitrofe o programmi che riguardano vaste aree dismesse o in via di dismissione occupate da fasci di binari, depositi e capannoni, ecc. Le aree ferroviarie dismesse presentano caratteristiche che consentirebbero un loro riuso all’interno di un piano complessivo che utilizzi come elemento qualificante la possibilità di operare contestualmente sul sistema dei trasporti e sulle scelte urbanistiche. La riqualificazione di queste aree potrebbe essere il terreno di sperimentazione di progetti di riconversione che operano anche scelte di radicale ridisegno delle reti del trasporto pubblico. Il contributo, partendo da queste premesse, illustra i programmi messi a punto per gli scali ferroviari dismessi di Milano e Firenze