Anti-Proliferative Activity of Onosma Bracteatum On-Three Tumor Cell Lines: PC3, A549, and BT549

One important cause of deaths among populations around the globe is cancer. Chemotherapy, surgical intervention, and radiotherapy are the most known treatments. Natural plants have been widely investigated with the aim of developing anti-cancer drugs. Approximately 60% of all drugs against cancer, recently, using a compound from plants (Badmus et al., 2015). Several studies have shown that extracted plants are capable of inducing apoptosis, reducing the lipid peroxides in various cancer cells. Herein, we examined the underlying mechanism of O. bracteatum cytotoxicity in lung cancer (A549), breast cancer (BT549) and prostate cancer (PC3). In this study, O. bracteatum leaves extract by methanol and a human breast, lung and prostate cancer cells exposed to it. We found that O. bracteatum with multiple concentrations (0.055, 0.11, 0.22, 0.44, 0,88, 1.7, and 3.52 µg/ml) decreased cell viability. O. bracteatum induced 96% of cell death in a PC3 cancer cell in the highest concentration of O. bracteatum. There were 98, 79, and 22% decreases in the three highest concentrations (3.52, 1.76, and 0.88 µg/ml) of O. bracteatum in BT549 cancer cells respectively, while there was a decrease in cell growth of A549 by 79% in the highest concentration of Onosma bractratum. Lipid peroxidation and Elisa assays were used to assess the cytotoxic effect of the O. bracteatum on BT549, PC3, and A549 cancer cells. Peroxidation lipid of was measured via the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) within the cells, and cells treated with O. bracteatum (0.88µg/ml and 1.76 µg/ml) for 24 hours. The results from lipid peroxides assay indicate that the MDA decreased in prostate, breast, and lung cancer cells in concentration 1.76 µg/ml, compared with the control group. However, concentration 0.88µg/ml had no important effect on the levels of MDA, as compared with the cells treated with control (DMSO). Furthermore, Elisa assay revealed that caspase-3 activated in prostate, breast, and lung cancer cells in concentration 1.76 µg/ml compared to the control (DMSO), and no significant effect showed in concentration 0.88 µg/ml. O. bracteatum has effect as a anticancer nominee for the healing of prostate cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer