Effects of listening to music in a precompetition routine on mood and performance

Members of a Division I university women\u27s rowing team ( n = 14) each performed three rowing tasks under three music conditions that asked the participants to use headphones to listen to self-selected music either, (1) not at all, (2) during their precompetition routine, or (3) during the rowing task. Positive and negative affect was assessed immediately prior to and after each task. Results indicated that mood did not differ across music conditions and was not affected by current music use or skill level (p\u27s \u3e .05). No significant differences in time to complete the tasks were found across the three music conditions ( p\u27s \u3e .05). However, a statistically significant negative correlation was found between pre-task positive affect and time under the preparation music condition (r = -.64, p \u3c .05), such that as positive affect before the rowing task increased, time to complete the task decreased