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SERVING THE CAUSE Faculty In the fall of 1945, about five weeks after the Japanese surrender, some 35 faculty members gathered to begin the 114th year of instruction at the College.78 As the year began, there were about 450 enrolled students, but Gettysburg, along with many other colleges, permitted some returning veterans to enter during the term. By February there were about 650 students on campus and more entered at midterm. The number swelled to an average of 1,100-1,125 by the fall of 1946. A year later it exceeded 1,200 for the first time in the history of the College and only twice afterward (1951-1953) dropped below that level. The College had no alternative but to enter into competition with almost every sister institution in the country to secure additional faculty. Seminary students were pressed into service, as were some recent graduates with little or no postbac- calaureate training. Most of the nine persons who joined the faculty in February 1946 fell into those two categories. Only rarely was it possible to secure a new person with a terminal degree. Before 1945, it was not unusual for several years to pass with virtually no change in the size and composition of the faculty. In the forty years after 1945 this was definitely no longer the case and the adjustment in size was almost always upward. By 1952-1953, the first year of the Langsam administration, and a year for which the retiring president had made the arrangements, there were a record 62 faculty members.77 Not surprisingly, almost all of the increase had occurred in the three lower ranks. For example, the number of instructors had increased from six to eighteen. The ranks of associate professors had more than doubled, from five to twelve, due in large part to the promotion of four veteran teachers who did not have their doctorate. Walter Langsam considered the sixteen-to-one student-faculty ratio which he found at Gettysburg one of the College's major problems.78 In spite of the financial constraints under which he operated, he was able to increase the size of 76In the last chapter the closing point of reference was 1942-1943, the last war year which began under near-normal conditions. In this chapter, the beginning year Is 1945-1946. In counting faculty, administrators who taught a course or two, military science personnel with faculty rank, and persons on other-than-sabbatical leave for a year or more are not included. 77After 1945 the administration began using several new faculty categories for short-term appointments, including assistant (1946), lecturer (1952), private instructor in applied music (1952), visiting professor (1955), and adjunct (1979). By-law changes codified some, but not all, of these categories. 78The 1954 Middle States team thought the ratio was "among the highest of the liberal arts colleges in the State." Lovejoy's College Guide (1953), which they used for purposes of comparison, gave the Dickinson and Franklin and Marshall ratios as twelve to one and thirteen to one respectively. 80