Study on Stunting Prevention Program in Indonesia: A Literature Review

Stunting is a malnutrition condition that caused by long-term insufficient nutrient intake. Globally in 2012, amongst children under five years, 162 million were stunted. In Indonesia, stunting become a national health issue with 37,2% occurrence which more than 50% happens in East Nusa Tenggara. As a major risk factor of having poor physical development and poor cognitive development to baby, stunting become one of the main focus of United Nation‘s Sustainable Development Goals. The goal focus is to end all form of malnutrition and to achieve internationally agreed targets on stunting in children under 5 years of age. Objective of this paper is to conduct study on document of stunting prevention related program. The method used in this paper is literature review. Research in Sumatra shows that stunting is affected by birth weight, energy intake, protein intake, mother‘s education, place and family economic status. Other studies in Bali, West Java and East Nusa Tenggara shows low birth weight, poor sanitation, paternal smoking, low level of maternal and paternal education, low income, and mother‘s height less than 150 cm affected stunting on 0-23 months old children. In Indonesia, health program for stunting prevention focused in 1000 days of childhood which consist of 270 days of pregnancy and the next 730 days after birth. The program is focused on a specific nutrition intervention on pregnant women and post- partum mothers. However, a more comprehensive study shows that stunting prevention should target pre-conception adolescent girls with undernourished and anemic condition. There is a need for improving the program for stunting prevention in Indonesia with a focus on adolescent girl nutrition.