There were a number of argumentative routes by which the Supreme Court could have reached the same basic result as was announced in the Heller case, i.e., the invalidation of the de facto prohibition of private handgun ownership in the District of Columbia. One of them was adoption of the approach suggested by Solicitor General Paul Clement (though he explicitly suggested remanding the case back to the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia for consideration in light of a somewhat different standard of review, that could have easily led to the same outcome). The brief that he submitted in behalf of the United States might be explained, Professor Levinson suggests, by reference to the importance of upholding existing federal gun-contr...