Coarse particle (PM10–2.5) source profiles for emissions from domestic cooking and industrial process in Central India

To develop coarse particle (PM10–2.5, 2.5to10μm) chemical source profiles, real-world source sampling fromfour domestic cooking and seven industrial processing facilities were carried out in “Raipur-Bhilai” of Central India. Collected samples were analysed for 32 chemical species including 21 elements (Al, As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, S, Sb, Se, V, and Zn) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), 8 water-soluble ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, F−, NO3 −, and SO4 2−) by ion chromatography, ammonium (NH4 +) by spectrophotometry, and carbonaceous fractions (OC and EC) by thermal/optical transmittance. The carbonaceous fractions were most abundant fraction in household fuel and municipal solid waste combustion emissions while elemental speciesweremore abundant in industrial emissions.Most of the elemental specieswere enriched in PM2.5 (b2.5 μm) size fraction as compared to the PM10–2.5 fraction. Abundant Ca (13–28%) was found in steelrollingmill (SRM)and cement production industry (CPI) emissions, with abundant Fe (14–32%) in ferro-manganese (FEMNI), steel production industry (SPI), and electric-arc welding emissions. High coefficients of divergence (COD) values (0.46 to 0.88) among the profiles indicate their differences. These region-specific source profiles aremore relevant to source apportionment studies in India than profiles measured elsewhere