Using Herzberg´s Two Factor Theory of Motivation-Hygiene in Employee Satisfaction Surveys

An employee satisfaction survey was conducted in an Icelandic company with N = 1100 employees in 2012 using an online questionnaire with 28 questions and a five-point Likert scale. Questions in the survey were produced using the Gallup Q12 and the theoretical background of Herzberg´s Two Factor Theory of Motivation-Hygiene. Principal Axis Factoring (PAF) with oblique rotation was conducted. Sampling adequacy was good, KMO = .855 and Bartlett´s test of sphericity χ2 (190) = 1058,463 p < .001 indicated a good correlation for factor analysis. Using Kaiser´s criterion, the first PAF reported five factors instead of the two predicted by previous theory. Second, PAF with only two factors extracted did not support the company´s partition of the questions in to the two factors according to Herzberg´s theory. Key words: Employee satisfaction survey, factor analysis, Principal Axis Factoring, Herzberg, two factor theory, motivation and hygiene, Gallup Q12Starfsmannadeild fyrirtækis vann vinnustaðagreiningu á 1100 starfsmönnum árið 2012. Notast var við spurningakönnun sem starfsmenn unnu gegnum internetið. Könnunin var 28 spurninga löng og notaður var fimm punkta Likert svarkvarði. Spurningar úr könnuninni voru unnar upp úr Gallup Q12 og tvíþáttakenningu F. Herzberg um grunnþætti og hvatningarþætti. Þáttagreining (e. Principal Axis Factoring, PAF) með hornskökkum (oblique) snúningi sýndi að úrtakið var nægjanlega stórt KMO = .855 og einsleitnipróf Bartlett´s χ2 (190) = 1058,463 p < .001 benti til góðrar fylgni fyrir þáttagreiningu. Í fyrri PAF dróg Kaiser viðmið fram fimm þætti í stað tveggja. Seinni PAF með tveimur þáttum föstum studdi ekki skiptingu fyrirtækisins á spurningum í vinnustaðagreiningarinnar í þættina tvo. Lykilorð: Vinnustaðagreining, þáttagreining, Principal Axis Factoring, tvíþáttakenning Herzberg um grunnþætti og hvatningarþætti, Gallup Q1