From Slashing to Blasting, or How to Subvert a Genre: Spaghetti Western

At the beginning of the 1960s, the classic American western was still a commodity exported across national boundaries by the powerful Hollywood distribution machinery, even if it was no longer produced in numbers as high as in the 1940s and 1950s. Sergio Leone (Rome, 1929-1989), a profound connoisseur of classic westerns and an admirer of the genre, ‘transported’ the American western into an Italian frame of reference that jettisoned the ideological foundation of the original, modified it, imbued it with a different value system and redistributed it world wide very successfully. The history of the creation of the first spaghetti western proves not only that cinema is transnational, but also that cultural formations are invariably hybrid and impure. As we will demonstrate the Italian western reached the U.S. and was not treated as an ‘exotic’ commodity by the audience, but was translated into the ‘local idiom.’ The hegemonic message of the spaghetti western was absorbed together with the revolutionary, iconoclast, violent and rebellious message of the film and the outcome was the birth of a new type of western. The influence of classic Hollywood westerns on Leone’s films is undeniable, but by the time his trilogy was distributed world wide he became an established icon of world cinema and his films in turn became models for American western directors