High-Pressure NMR Probes for the in situ Investigation of Gas/Liquid Reactions

Three different types of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probes have been developed for investigating multiple phase (gas/liquid) reactions in situ at ambient and high pressure. Versions requiring only minimal modifications of existing NMR probes, low volume probes, and high precision flow systems have been optimized for specific boundary conditions. Pressures ranging from 1 to 20 bar have been successfully applied. The arrangements are especially attractive for the in situ investigations of homogeneous hydrogenation reactions displaying nuclear spin polarization