Design of a Microstrip Patch Antenna for Microwave Sensing of Petroleum Production Lines

In this paper, the design of a microstrip patch antenna for microwave sensing of sand production in petroleum pipelines is presented. Two antennas are designed in order to cover the entire sensing regime (gas to liquid including large percentages of brine) common to petroleum production lines. The antennas are designed to operate at ~5GHz. The antenna intended for sensing with low-loss fluids (gas or oil) is capable of ~4% bandwidth (|S11| \u3c -10 dB), and the antenna intended for sensing with high loss fluids (brine) is capable of ~7% bandwidth