Excavation in Deep Soft Lacustrine Soil Deposit

The paper presents a case study of a supported excavation in a deep soft lacustrine soil deposit located in the city of Constance, southern Germany. Besides demonstrating the construction aspect, the field measurement and monitoring results of the excavation project, the paper illustrates a back analysis of the project using the finite element method. It was revealed that in addition to the understanding of the soil behaviour, the soil-structure-interaction behaviour, and their simulation using an advanced constitutive soil models, the understanding and simulation of each detail of the construction process is also equally important. The study underlines the important of performing a 3D- analysis for reasonably prediction of the soil movement in and around excavations, or at least the inclusion of the 3D effect in the 2D analysis of the excavation