Pemanfaatan Sampah Organik Secara Padu Menjadi Alternatif Energi : Biogas dan Precursor Briket

The increasing of energy demand due to consuming world oil resources and population growth as well as fossil fuel emission problems result in impact to every countries to produce and to use alternative energy immediately. Biogas is one of the alternative energy. Biogas can be produced from various kinds of organic wastes such as biomass waste, human feces through anaerobic digestion process. Biogas is flammable, the main component in biogas such as methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), only small part of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitrogen (N2), hydrogen (H2), and carbon monoxide (CO) present in biogas. Three variations of feeding composisiton were conducted in this research, such as mixing of organic wastes and cow manure, solid organik waste and cow manure , as well as liquid organic waste and cow manure, Feeding of cow manure was also done as a comparison. The composition ratio between the wastes to cow manure was 1:1 ( 100 grams: 100 grams). The observation of data was focused to analysis the relation of acidity (pH) degree to biogas flow production, biogas volume produced, and also composition of methane and carbon dioxide. Observation in productivity of biogas revealed that the volume production of biogas from solid and liquid organik waste are 56.22% and 43.45% of total methane production from organic mixed solid-liquid waste. In the other case, it was analyzed calorific value of the precursor briquette as pyrolised product. Precursor briquetting process was heated at three variations of temperature i.e 200oC, 300oC, and 400oC as long as 1, 2, and 3 hours. The highest calorific value, 5 596 cal/gram, was obtained from precursor briquette through heating as long as 3 hours with temperature of 300oC. Keywords: Biogas, organik waste, biomass waste, anaerobic digestion, acidity degree (pH), briquette, pyroysis