White matter microstructural differences across major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: a tract-based spatial statistics study

Background: White matter abnormalities have been implicated in mental disorders including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SZ); however, the shared and distinct white matter integrity across mental disorders is still unclear. Methods: A total of 290 participants (MDD = 85, BD = 42, SZ = 68, and healthy controls = 95) were included in the present study. Tract-based spatial statistics were performed to measure fractional anisotropy (FA) and characterize shared and distinguishing white matter changes across mental disorders. Results: We found that decreased FA converged across MDD, BD and SZ in the body and genu of the corpus callosum, bilateral anterior and posterior corona radiata, and right superior corona radiata. By contrast, diagnosis-specific effect was only found in MDD in the anterior portion of anterior corona radiata. Limitations: The small and imbalanced sample size, and possible confounding effects of medication. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that abnormally reduced white matter integrity in the interhemispheric and thalamocortical circuit could be consistently involved in the pathogenesis of MDD, BD and SZ