The spotted gar genome illuminates vertebrate evolution and facilitates human-teleost comparisons
- Braasch, I.
- Gehrke, A.R.
- Smith, J.J.
- Kawasaki, K.
- Manousaki, T.
- Pasquier, J.
- Amores, A.
- Desvignes, T.
- Batzel, P.
- Catchen, J.
- Berlin, A.M.
- Campbell, M.S.
- Barrell, D.
- Martin, K.J.
- Mulley, J.F.
- Ravi, V.
- Lee, A.P.
- Nakamura, T.
- Chalopin, D.
- Fan, S.
- Wcisel, D.
- Cañestro, C.
- Sydes, J.
- Beaudry, F.E.G.
- Sun, Y.
- Hertel, J.
- Beam, M.J.
- Fasold, M.
- Ishiyama, M.
- Johnson, J.
- Kehr, S.
- Lara, M.
- Letaw, J.H.
- Litman, G.W.
- Litman, R.T.
- Mikami, M.
- Ota, T.
- Saha, N.R.
- Williams, L.
- Stadler, P.F.
- Wang, H.
- Taylor, J.S.
- Fontenot, Q.
- Ferrara, A.
- Searle, S.M.J.
- Aken, B.
- Yandell, M.
- Schneider, I.
- Yoder, J.A.
- Volff, J.
- Meyer, A.
- Amemiya, C.T.
- Venkatesh, B.
- Holland, P.W.H.
- Guiguen, Y.
- Bobe, J.
- Shubin, N.H.
- Di Palma, F.
- Alföldi, J.
- Lindblad-Toh, K.
- Postlethwait, J.H.
DOIAbstract
To connect human biology to fish biomedical models, we sequenced the genome of spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus), whose lineage diverged from teleosts before teleost genome duplication (TGD). The slowly evolving gar genome has conserved in content and size many entire chromosomes from bony vertebrate ancestors. Gar bridges teleosts to tetrapods by illuminating the evolution of immunity, mineralization and development (mediated, for example, by Hox, ParaHox and microRNA genes). Numerous conserved noncoding elements (CNEs; often cis regulatory) undetectable in direct human-teleost comparisons become apparent using gar: functional studies uncovered conserved roles for such cryptic CNEs, facilitating annotation of sequences identified in human...
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