Hubungan Konsumsi Goitrogenik Sianida dengan Kadar Tiosianat Urin di Daerah Endemik GAKI Kabupaten Jember

HUBUNGAN KONSUMSI GOITROGENIK SIANIDA DENGAN KADAR TIOSIANAT URIN DI DAERAH ENDEMIK GAKI KABUPATEN JEMBER Association of Goitrogenic Potential Vegetables Contained Cyanide Consumption and Urinary Thiocyanate Level in Jember District IDD Endemic Area ABSTRACT Background. Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD) is still a problem in Jember district. Goitrogenic potential food cyanide contained consumption pattern at least 3-5 times per week would be a risk factor of IDD. Cyanide, thiocyanate precursors contained in many commonly vegetables which consumed by society. Thiocyanate distrupt thyroid hormone hormogenesis through two pathways, inhibiting the active transport and interfere with the activity of thyroid peroxidase. Objective. This study aimed to determine the association between goitrogenic potential food cyanide contained consumption and urinary thiocyanate levels. Method. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the District Arjasa in March - May 2013. The data collected was goitrogenic potential food cyanide contained consumption and urinary thiocyanate levels from 203 housewives. The research instrument was a semi-quantitative food frequency form. Measurements of thiocyanate urine levels carried out in IDD laboratory, medical faculty, Diponegoro University at Semarang. Results. The results showed an average consumption of goitrogenic potential food cyanide contained in its raw state of 818.42 g/day, and after the cooking process 18.30 mg/day, while the average level of urine thiocyanate was 1.2 mg/dl. There were no correlation between cyanide consumption in a raw state and after cooking with urinary thiocyanate levels. Conclusion. There were no correlation between consumption of goitrogenic potential food cyanide contained in a raw state and after cooking to urinary thiocyanate levels. Keywords: cyanide, food consumption, urinary thiocyanate level. ABSTRAK Latar belakang. Kabupaten Jember masih menghadapi masalah Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Iodium (GAKI). Pola konsumsi pangan sumber goitrogenik minimal 3-5 kali per minggu menjadi faktor risiko GAKI. Sianida, prekursor tiosianat banyak terkandung dalam sayuran yang biasa dikonsumsi masyarakat. Tiosianat mengganggu hormogenesis hormon tiroid melalui 2 jalur, menghambat transpor aktif dan mengganggu aktivitas thyroid peroxidase. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan konsumsi pangan sumber goitrogenik sianida dengan kadar tiosianat urin. Metode. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional menggunakan disain cross sectional yang dilakukan di Kecamatan Arjasa pada bulan Maret-Mei 2013. Data berupa tingkat konsumsi bahan pangan sumber goitrogenik sianida dan kadar tiosianat urin dari urin sewaktu. Responden adalah 203 orang ibu rumah tangga. Instrumen penelitian adalah formulir semi quantitative food frequency dan urin sewaktu. Pengukuran kadar tiosianat dilakukan di Laboratorium GAKI FK Universitas Diponegoro Semarang. Hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata 102 konsumsi bahan pangan sumber goitrogenik sianida dalam keadaan mentah sebesar 818.42 gram/haridengan konsumsi sianida setelah proses pengolahan sebesar 18.30 mg/hari, sedangkan rata-rata kadar tiosianat urin responden adalah 1.2 μg/dl. Uji spearman menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan konsumsi bahan pangan sumber sianida dalam keadaan mentah dan sianida setelah proses pengolahan dengan kadar tiosianat urin. Kesimpulan.Tidak ada hubungan antara konsumsi bahan pangan sumber goitrogenik sianida dalam keadaan mentah dan sianida setelah pengolahan dengan kadar tiosianat urin. Kata kunci: sianida, tingkat konsumsi, tiosianat urin