PENURUNAN EFIKASI KLOROKUIN DAN SULFADOKSIN/PIRIMETAMIN UNTUK PENGOBATAN MALARIA FALSIPARUM RINGAN DI PULAU BINTAN, PROVINSI KEPUALAUAN RIAU, TAHUN 2003

To support Malaria Control Program, on July 2002 to December 2003 monitoring the efficacy of chloroquine (CQ) and sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine (S/P) as a first and second line drugs for uncomplicated falciparum malaria treatment had been conducted using WHO's method version 2001 guideline. The study was conducted in Bintan Island -Kepulauan Riau Province, which is bordering with Singapore and Malaysia. The activities conducted in two Health Centers (Tanjung Uban and Kijang). It was found that CQ in treated patients as many as 26.67% cases showed ACPR (Adequate Clinical and Parasitological Responses), 33.33% with ETF (Early Treatment Failure) and 40% considered as LTF (Late Treatment Failure). The overall treatment failure was 73.33%. For S/P treated patients, as many as 87.5% cases showed ACPR and 12.5% cases considered as LTF. The fever clearance time (FCT) in ACPR patients mostly 88.89% occurred on day-1. As many as 7 patients had no temperature increasing since day-0 (below 37.5°C). While the parasite clearance time (PCT) on day-2 was 43.75% and on day-3 was 50%. It was concluded that there was a significant decreased of chloroquine efficacy for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Bintan Island area, Kepulauan Riau Province compared to the efficacy status in the year of 2000. As a preliminary result, the efficacy of S/P in this area is 87.5% Considering the result of the study, the people movement and local malaria situation, this area is not suitable to be one of national sentinel sites for and malaria drug monitoring in Indonesia. Keywords: Falciparum, malaria treatment, drug efficacy