ANALISIS DAN MANAJEMEN RISIKO KESEHATAN PENCEMARAN UDARA: Studi Kasus di Sembilan Kota Besar Padat Transportasi

To assess health risk of air pollution in heavy traffics big cities, a risk assessment has been conducted in Medan, Palembang, Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, Yogyakarta, Surabaya, Banjarmasin and Makassar by characterizing risk quotient (RQ) and formulating risk management. A total of 1378 respondents consisting of household women, street vendors, and workers or employees living at surrounding of public transport stations, trade centers, heavy traffic residences, silent traffic residences, and monitoring stations of Ministry of Environment were subjected to anthropometric surveys for body weight and exposure time, frequency, and duration. However, reducing exposure time at existing ambient risk agent concentrations are not always realistic, as the calculated exposure times and frequencies are beyond the expected episodes of population segments. Thus, risk management scenarios are formulated by optimal combination of lowering concentrations of risk agents and reducing exposure times. Keywords: Environmental health risk assessment, risk management, reference concentration, risk quotien, air pollution, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, total suspended particulat