Social and Economic Problems of Makeover of the Village in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

The article defines the particularities, social and economic problems of rural areas and the results of the agrarian reform in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Special consideration is focused by the authors on the necessity of sociocultural rearrangement of the north rural areas. Their development is significantly affected by the extremal natural and climatic conditions of the far north and also commercial transformations of social and economic relations. In terms of history, the experience and results of separation of cattle houses from living yurts in the 1930s are summarized. One of the most important social and economic problems appeared in the process of commercial agrarian reform is the preferential development of individual gardens and farms (home) and peasant agriculture. Their livestock houses and other household outbuildings are generally disposed on the smallholdings of the rural sector that means the farm and cow yards are combined. As a result, socio-cultural contexts and sanitary bioenvironmental conditions of people’s life in such villages essentially went downhill. That is why for makeover of rural areas, it is for the first time suggested by the authors as high priority measures to separate the cow yard from the living area. It is the essential factor of creation of the close-together arrangement of rural-type settlements and major contraction of extension of electricity mains, water lines, and other service lines, ultimately, retrenchment of material inputs and financial expenses for the fundamental rearrangement of Yakut rural areas. The organization of a cooperative cow yard with a cattle house and other constructions three-five kilometers away from the rural-type settlement is recommended for that purpose. The phased implementation of this very important social and economic action requires the development and adoption of a state-run program with principal federal, national, and municipal financing. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s4p36