ANTINOMIJE METODA ISTRAŽIVANJA U DRUŠTVENIM NAUKAMA: SPOR OKO METODA

The central issue of this paper is the so-called dispute over methods (Methodenstreit), which is based on the essential difference between natural and social phenomena. Methodological problems in sociology are related to the determination of its subject matter, and the history of the science has showed that these problems have represented the main point of disagreement between theoreticians. The debates on the issues of natural and social phenomena and, thus related, manners of their examination, began as early as in the times of ancient philosophy – starting with Aristotle, and continued through the so-called Galilean tradition that would find its peak in the positivist movement and the historistic school as its opposition. The paper draws attention to the theoretical-methodological positions of both sides in this dispute, the reaffirmation of hermeneutics, as well as the ideological background. Furthermore, certain opinions that formed through the integration of these two methodological approaches are also discussed here. The time of the Methodenstreit is the time when sociology was constituted, thus the concluding remarks emphasize the importance of this dispute for the constitution of sociology as a science, with a particular reflection on the influence of historism on German sociologists.Centralno pitanje ovoga rada je takozvani spor o metodu (Methodenstreit), koji je zasnovan na suštinskom razlikovanju prirodnih i društvenih pojava. Metodološka pitanja u sociologiji vezana su za utvrđivanje njenog predmeta i u istoriji ove nauke ona su predstavljala čvorno mesto neslaganja među teoretičarima. Debate koje se tiču pitanja prirodnih i društvenih pojava i, u vezi sa tim, načina njihovog proučavanja, započinju još iz vremena antičke filozofije – od Aristotela i produžavaju se preko tzv. Galilejevske struje koja će vrhuniti u pozitivističkom pravcu i njemu suprostavljene istorističke škole. U radu se ukazuje na teorijsko-metodološke pozicije obe struje u sporu, na reafirmaciju heremenutike, kao i na njihovu ideološku zaleđinu, ali se čini osvrt i na neka shvatanja koja su se formirala integrisanjem ideja obe metodološke struje.Vreme spora oko metoda je doba konstituisanja sociologije, pa se u zaključnom razmatranju ističe značaj ovog sukoba za konstituisanje sociologije kao nauke, sa posebnim osvrtom na uticaj istorizma na nemačke sociologe.