TOLERANCIJA, MULTIKULTURALIZAM I INTERKULTURALIZAM NA BALKANU

A multicultural society should possess the characteristics of a society in which different ethnic groups live together but with no interaction. The minority groups living therein are passively tolerated without being accepted by the majority group. An intercultural society should be defined as a society in which different groups live together and exchange their life experiences with mutual respect for their different styles of life and values. That is why a correct starting definition of interculturalism would be that interculturalism is a critique and an alternative to multiculturalism. It is possible for the members of different cultures to live close to each other and that is the most crucial characteristic of multicultural societies. An intercultural society represents a society in which we live and create not close to each other but with each other and for each other.Accordingly, the contemporary Balkan society is facing the process of its transition from the multicultural into the intercultural one, that is, the process of spreading and adopting the idea and practice of interculturalism in a multicultural community. More precisely, this implies the development of the concept of a cultural and educational policy that would foster appreciation of cultural diversity and lead to the creation of a society in which different cultures interpenetrate.At the end of the paper the measures of the public cultural politics of the Balkan countries aiming at improvement and advancement of the existing intercultural dialogue are summed up.Multikulturno društvo bi trebalo imati karakteristike društva u kome različite etničke grupe žive zajedno, ali bez interakcije. U njemu se manjinske grupe pasivno tolerišu, ali nisu prihvaćene od većinske grupe. Interkulturalno društvo bi trebalo definisati kao društvo gde različite grupe žive zajedno, razmenjuju životna iskustva, poštujući međusobno različite stilove života i vrednosti. Zato bi korektna polazna definicija interkulturalizma bila da je interkulturalizam kritika i alternativa multikulturalizma. Moguće je da pripadnici različitih kultura žive jedni pored drugih, i to je najbitnija odlika multikulturnih društava. Interkulturno društvo označava društvo u kome živimo i stvaramo ne jedni pored drugih, već jedni sa drugima i jedni za druge.Shodno izrečenom, savremenom balkanskom društvu predstoji prerastanje iz multikulturnog u interkulturno, odnosno širenje i usvajanje ideje i prakse interkulturalizma u višekulturnoj zajednici. Preciznije rečeno, razvijanje koncepta kulturne i obrazovne politike koji će unapređivati poštovanje kulturnog diverziteta i voditi stvaranju društva u kojem se različite kulture prožimaju.Na kraju rada sumiraju se mere javne kulturne politike balkanskih zemalja za poboljšanje i unapređenje postojećeg interkulturnog dijaloga