Socio-cultural Context and Theological Sources of the Modern European Science Formation: Theoretic-Methodological Ideas and Approaches

In the article the comparative analysis of the main methodological ideas and approaches to a problem of a Socio-cultural context and Christian and philosophical sources of the genesis of the modern European science is carried out. It is shown that according to S. Yaki's concept, Christian Catholicism in which the Creator's cult based on the cosmological argument was systematically emphasized was the religion, which created optimum conditions for the development of science. The Protestant hypothesis of M. Weber – R. Merton differs in a reduction of the analysis of religious terms of emergence of science to features of a Puritan way of life, and data of specifics of science to simply to the interpreted experimentalism. Similar the "method from conditions" does not give the chance of an explanation of substantial transformations of the bases of antique and medieval science, which led to formation of the bases of the modern European natural sciences. The conclusion that the method of "absolute metaphysical prerequisites" of R. J. Collingwood allows to reveal Christian theological "the postulates functioning as contexts" which being excremental in outlook of founders of classical science of Modern times is drawn, had impact on the content of their scientific ideas. It is noted that the considered theoretical-methodological approaches do not mutual denial and, on the contrary, complement each other. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s3p9