EKONOMSKA ANALIZA ZDRAVSTVENE ZAŠTITE

The particular nature of healthcare protection and healthcare insurance requires government intervention. Besides legal aspects, such as the question of social rights, there are purely economic reasons for the government actions. First, being a particularly important public good, healthcare protection could not be regulated by free market in full. There is no perfect model of healthcare protection and healthcare insurance. The socio-economic change of the forms of government has affected the models of healthcare protection and healthcare insurance throughout history. Despite a commonly used phrase “free” healthcare insurance and healthcare protection, the fact remains that it is not free but paid by a society and its members. Although proclaimed by international acts, constitutions and laws, these rights are exercised in the form of the so-called programme principles whose accomplishment primarily depends on the economic wealth of one society. Also, more investment into the field of healthcare insurance does not necessarily imply a better health or a longer life span of the inhabitants of one society. Therefore, available resources are to be used efficiently and economically so that the best possible effects of healthcare protection are achieved within the range of these resources.Zdravstvena zaštita i zdravstveno osiguranje zbog svoje specifične prirode zahtevaju državnu intervenciju. Pored pravnih razloga, jer su u pitanju socijalna prava, postoje i čisto ekonomski razlozi koji zahtevaju delovanje države. Na prvom mestu to proizilazi iz činjenice da se radi o specifičnim javnim dobrima, čije obezbeđivanje ne bi u potpunosti moglo da bude prepušteno tržištu. Savršeni model zdravstvene zaštite i zdravstvenog osiguranja danas ne postoji. Promenom društveno-ekonomskog uređenja država tokom istorije, menjali su se i modeli zdravstvenog osiguranja i zdravstvene zaštite. Iako često čujemo izraz „besplatno“ zdravstveno osiguranje i zdravstvena zaštita, oni koštaju jedno društvo i njegove članove. Uprkos činjenici da su ova prava proklamovana međunarodnim dokumentima, ustavima i zakonima, to se čini u vidu tzv. programskih načela čije će ostvarivanje prevashodno zavisiti od ekonomske snage jednog društva. Takođe, visoka ulaganja u oblast zdravstvenog osiguranja ne znači odmah i visok stepen zdravlja ili duži životni vek stanovnika jedne države. Zbog toga, neophodno je efikasno i ekonomično koristiti dostupne resurse i postizati što bolje efekte zdravstvene zaštite u okviru dostupnih resursa