Socio-psychological Adaptation of Migrants Being in Difficult Life Situation

The article deals with the social and individual psychological characteristics of persons who moved either from abroad or from other regions of Russia, experiencing various hardships and are thus in a difficult situation. The study provides an analysis of the most effective social and psychological techniques to work with such a category of citizens, based on the experience of the Tula region. The study purpose is to define the social parameters and psychological characteristics of persons for over six-month period receiving the care of government services, charities and other social NGOs. As a result, the most typical characterological features of representatives of this social group are identified, such as external level of subjective control, tendency to shift the responsibility on to the government bodies, the trend towards avoidance of failure, personal satisfaction of the situation, the lack of deep depression, the presence of psychological and physical resources to overcome difficult situations. The article also describes the representatives of migrants, which are characterized by the success of social and psychological adaptation. The description is given of the socio-psychological mechanisms that enable immigrants to adapt, experiencing a variety of difficulties. The results described in this article make it possible to focus in working with such a category of citizens in the most effective options for their socio-psychological adaptation. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s7p3