CONSERVATION THROUGH UTILISATION: AN ANALYSIS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE’S DEPENDENCY ON FOREST RESOURCES FOR LIVELIHOOD SUPPORT IN THE MIDDLE HILLS OF NEPAL

The principle aim of this paper was to analyze the richness, status and contribution of uncultivated plants for the livelihoods of two indigenous ethnic groups of Nepal. The uncultivated plants are used for foods, medicines, and for cultural and economical reasons. Initially, exploratory techniques such as diversity fairs, key informant interviews and group discussions were conducted, followed by more detailed household surveys. A total of 105 households (62 in Dhading and 43 in Kaski) were included. Altogether 112 plant species were documented; including 61 species with multiple functions as food, vegetables, and medicines. The highest richness of uncultivated plants (99) was found in the forest environments. Uncultivated foods contributed significantly to food requirements and filled the gap of about 2 months per year. More than 58% of the households in Dhading use these resources at least 3.5 months a year compared to 5% in Kaski. Many species have large cultural importance and are important source of local medicines. The availability of these resources has been declining over time. However, people have started conservation and management initiatives. The uncultivated plant species are crucial to both ethnic groups, but are neglected by authorities