Multiphase transformation and hybrid nanostructure under non-equilibrium and equilibrium condition during high-energy ball milling of BaTiO3 powders

BaTiO3 is a well-known technologically important electroceramic material. In the present study high-energy ball-milling processing for producing distortion in the parent thermodynamically stable tetragonal BaTiO3 has been followed. This has produced nano-sized particles as well as a reactive surface. The intention of the present work is to study (i) structural changes on mechanical activation of perovskite BaTiO3 phase and (ii) possible formation of lattice defect as a result of lattice strain generated during milling that can serve peculiar channels of enhanced diffusion of gas molecules at ambient condition. Catalytic activity of nano-sized BaTiO3 has been explained on a result of high structural distortion brought into solid by milling