The use of experimental methods in teaching nature and society

U radu su zastupljena teorijska polazišta eksperimentalne metode koja tumače što to eksperimentalna metoda u nastavi prirode i društva jest te kako se i zašto primjenjuje. Istraživački dio se odnosi na stavove učitelja i njihova mišljenja o primjeni eksperimentalne metode u nastavi prirode i društva te kako takva vrsta rada utječe na učenike i usvajanje gradiva. Time se podrazumijeva učenikovo razumijevanje, stjecanje znanja i vještina. Ispitano je koliko često učitelji primjenjuju takvu vrstu nastave, služe li se zadatcima za metodu eksperimentalnih radova iz udžbenika/radne bilježnice ili koriste neke druge izvore te koji oblik rada koriste tijekom provoĎenja metode eksperimentalnih radova. Nadalje, u predmet istraživanja ulaze još i problemi koje učitelji imaju tijekom pripreme za sat u kojem se primjenjuje metoda eksperimentalnih radova te opremljenost škole u kojoj rade odnosno imaju li škole potreban pribor i materijal za realizaciju takvog sata. Učitelji metodu eksperimentalnih radova u nastavi prirode i društva primjenjuju samo ponekad i najčešće koriste oblik rada u skupinama. Većina škola u kojima ispitani učitelji rade nema potrebnu opremu za primjenu ove metode, a učitelji smatraju da u udžbenicima i radnim bilježnicama za Prirodu i društvo nema dovoljno zadataka za eksperimentalnu metodu te da je primjena ove metode zahtjevna za njih i za učenike. Istraživanje je provedeno online anketom, a uzorak čine 92 učitelja razredne nastave.The theoretical starting points of the experimental method are presented in the paper, which explain what the experimental method in teaching nature and society is and how and why it is applied. The research section deals with the views of teachers and their opinions on the application of the experimental method in teaching nature and society, and how this type of work affects students and the acquisition of material. This implies the student's understanding, acquisition of knowledge and skills. It was examined how often teachers apply this type of teaching, whether they use the tasks for the textbook/workbook experimental method or other sources, and what form of work they use while conducting the experimental work method. Furthermore, the subject of the research also includes the problems that teachers have during the preparation for the lesson in which the method of experimental work is applied, as well as the equipment of the school in which they work, or whether the schools have the necessary equipment and materials to realize such a lesson. Teachers use the method of experimental work in teaching nature and society only sometimes and most often use the form of group work. Most of the schools where the surveyed teachers work do not have the necessary equipment to apply this method, and teachers find that textbooks and workbooks for Nature and society do not have sufficient tasks for the experimental method and that the application of this method is demanding for them and for students. The survey was conducted through an online survey, with a sample of 92 classroom teachers