Supplemental materials for 'Study on the role of soot and heat fluxes in upward flame spread using a wall resolved large eddy simulation approach'

flameSpreadModelling.pdf: The description of flame spread modelling used in this study. In the paper, only updated sub-models are described. The PMMA wall size is 1 m in height, 0.3 m in width, and 0.01 m in thickness. The flame spreads to the top of the wall about 500 s. Giving incident radiative heat flux of 45 kW/m2 for 75 s triggered ignition. After that, a small flame was created by the combustion model based on infinitely fast chemistry at 0.005 ≤ x ≤ 0.05 m. The time was reset to 0 after the flame was sufficiently sustained. flameVolume.gif: This file is an animation of fire growth for the large-scale flame spread scenario. gasTemperature.gif: This file is an animation of gas temperature evolution. pyrolysisFront.gif: This file is an animation of progress of the pyrolysis front. The pyrolysis front is defined as Tsolid = 580 K at 0.5 mm from the interface. The contour line shows Tsolid = 580 K. At x > 1 m, the temperature is higher owing to an inert wall with no pyrolysis. qtot.gif: This file is an animation of transient total heat flux. qconv.gif: This file is an animation of transient convective heat flux. qrad.gif: This file is an animation of transient radiative heat flux