Procjena učestalosti i manifestacije nepoželjnih oblika ponašanja u djece predškolske dobi

Nepoželjni oblici ponašanja predstavljaju prepreku psihofizičkom razvoju djeteta koje ih pokazuje. Nepoželjno ponašanje djece odnosi se na svako ponašanje koje utječe na djetetov socijalni, emocionalni i kognitivni razvoj, koji šteti ili ugrožava dijete te ostalu djecu i odrasle. Neki od nepoželjnih oblika ponašanja su: svađanje, galama, uzimanje i uništavanje igračaka, zadirkivanje, ometajuće ponašanje za stolom i tijekom aktivnosti. Nepoželjne oblike ponašanja u nekim slučajevima manifestiraju i djeca s teškoćama u razvoju poput poremećaja iz spektra autizma, hiperaktivnog poremećaja i djeca usporenog kognitivnog razvoja. Ove teškoće u razvoju često obilježavaju hiperkineza, teškoće usmjeravanja pažnje, impulzivne reakcije, burno reagiranje na podražaje iz okoline zbog preosjetljivosti osjetilnih sustava, agresivno i destruktivno ponašanje i drugi. Osim toga, neurorazvojne osobitosti u nekoj mjeri ograničavaju potencijal djece da na uobičajeni način doživljavaju okolinu, prihvaćaju i razumiju pravila društvene sredine i smanjenih su sposobnosti učenja imitacijom i modeliranjem. Za potrebe ovog rada pristupilo se procjeni učestalosti i manifestacije ponašanja koja se u okolini doživljavaju kao nepoželjna. Procjenu učestalosti i manifestacije vršili su odgajatelji u predškolskim ustanovama Sjeverozapadne Hrvatske. Rezultati provedenog istraživanja pokazuju da se većina ispitanika susrela s djecom koja iskazuju nepoželjne oblike ponašanja, no međutim se ona rijetko manifestiraju u odgojno – obrazovnim skupinama dječjeg vrtića.Undesirable forms of behavioral patterns is an obstacle to the psychophysical development of a child who shows them. Undesirable behavior in children refers to any behavior that affects the child's social, emotional and cognitive development, which damages or endangers the child and or other children and adults. Some of the undesirable forms of behavior are: quarrels, children noise, overtaking and destroying toys, teasing, and disruptive behavior at the table and or during the activity. Undesirable behavioral patterns in some cases are also manifested by children with developmental disabilities such as autism spectrum disorders, hyperactive disorder, and slow-cognitive development. These developmental difficulties are often characterized by hyper kinesis, attention distracting difficulties, impulsive responses, a blatant reaction to stimuli from the environment due to sensory system sensitivity, aggressive and destructive behavior and others. In addition, nonverbal personality to a certain extent limits the potential of children to perceive the environment, accept and understand the rules of the social environment, as well as imitating and modeling skills which are being reduced. For the purpose of this paper, an appraisal of frequency and manifestation of behaviors that are perceived as undesirable in the environment has been accessed. Appraisal of frequency and manifestations were conducted by educators in pre-school institutions of Northwestern Croatia. The results of conducted research show that the most of respondents have encountered children who exhibit unwanted behavioral patterns, but they rarely manifest themselves in the educational groups of kindergarten